![]() The second Islamization followed the fall of the first Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1187, leading to an almost uninterrupted seven centuries long period of Muslim rule with a dominant Islamic culture, during the Ayyubid, Mamluk and early Ottoman periods. The first Islamization of Jerusalem followed the Muslim conquest of Jerusalem under Umar ibn Al-Khattāb in 638 CE. The Islamization of Jerusalem refers to the religious transformation of Jerusalem. View of Jerusalem with the Haram al-Sharif in the foreground.
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